470 BC - Socrates (470–399 BC, Greek philosopher)

428 BC - Plato (428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC, ancient Greek philosopher)

384 BC - Aristotle (384–322 BC, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath)

121 - Marcus Aurelius (26 April 121 – 17 March 180, Roman emperor from 161 to 180 AD and a Stoic philosopher)

1393 - Johannes Gutenberg (1393–1406 – 3 February 1468, German inventor and craftsman)

1450 - Hieronymus Bosch

1483 - Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author)

1497 - Hans Holbein the Younger (1497 - 7 October and 29 November 1543, German-Swiss painter and printmaker, Northern Renaissance style)

1518 - Tintoretto (late September or early October 1518 – 31 May 1594, Italian painter identified with the Venetian school)

1567 - Claudio Monteverdi (baptized 15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643, Italian composer, choirmaster and string player, a pioneer in the development of opera)

Baroque music (about 1600 to 1750)

Age of Enlightenment (17 & 18th centuries)

1642 - Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27, English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author key figure in the Enlightenment)

1685 - George Frideric Handel (23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759, German-British Baroque composer)

1685 - Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750, German composer and musician)

1724 - Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804, German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers)

Classical period (music) - 1750 - 1820

1732 - Joseph Haydn (31 March 1732 – 31 May 1809, Austrian composer of the Classical period)

1756 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791, composer of the Classical Period)

1757 - William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) English poet, painter, and printmaker.

1788 - Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860, German Philosopher)

1770 - Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827, German composer and pianist)

1792 - Gioachino Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868, Italian composer of 39 operas)

1797 - Franz Schubert (31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828, Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras)

1797 - Gaetano Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848, Italian composer, almost 70 operas)

May 5, 1789 – Nov 9, 1799 - French Revolution


Romanticism (roughly 1800 - 1850)

Romantic music (19th Century)

1801 - Vincenzo Bellini (3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835, Italian opera composer)

1813 - Giuseppe Verdi (9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901, Italian opera composer)

1760 to about 1820–1840 - Industrial Revolution

1840 - Odilon Redon (Born: April 22, 1840, Bordeaux, France, Died: July 6, 1916 (age 76 years), Paris, France)

1840 - Auguste Rodin (12 November 1840 – 17 November 1917, French sculptor, considered the founder of modern sculpture)

1841 - Auguste Renoir (25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919)

1856 - Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939, Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis)

1875 - Rainer Maria Rilke (poet, novelist)

1875 - Carl Jung (26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961, Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst)

1883 - Metropolitan Opera founded

1888 - Fernando Pessoa (Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher, and philosopher)

1895 - Venice Biennale Inaugurated

22 January 1905 – 16 June 1907 - First Russian Revolution

1901 - Alberto Giacometti (10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966, Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker)

1905 - Viktor Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997, Austrian psychiatrist)

1908 - Henri Cartier-Bresson (22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004, French humanist photographer)

1910 - Paul Bowles (December 30, 1910 – November 18, 1999)

1930- Philip Guston (1913-1980, Canadian born Painter)

8 March 1917 – 16 June 1923 - Russian Revolution

1918 - William Eugene Smith (American Photo Journalist December 30, 1918 – October 15, 1978)

1919 - Bauhaus (German art school operational from 1919 to 1933)

1919 - Mieczysław Weinberg (Polish-born Soviet composer and pianist)

1921 - Arno Babajanian (January 22, 1921 – November 11, 1983, Russian Pianist)

1925 - Pierre Boulez (26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016 French composer, conductor)

1933 - Claudio Abbado (January 20, 2014, Italian conductor)

1935 - Don McCullin (British photojournalist)


1977 - Centre Pompidou opens

2024 - NOW